Summary: Selenium, a natural mineral found in grains, meats, and nuts can reverse cognitive impairment following a stroke and improve learning and memory in the aging brain.
Source: University of Queensland
Selenium—a mineral found in many foods—could reverse the cognitive impact of stroke and boost learning and memory in aging brains, according to University of Queensland research.
Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) lead researcher Dr. Tara Walker said studies on the impact of exercise on the aging brain found levels of a protein key to transporting selenium in the blood were elevated by physical activity.
“We’ve known for the last 20 years that exercise can create new neurons in the brain, but we didn’t really understand how,” Dr. Walker said.
The research team investigated whether dietary selenium supplements could replicate the effects of exercise.
“Our models showed that selenium supplementation could increase neuron generation and improve cognition in elderly mice,” Dr. Walker said.
“The levels of new neuron generation decrease rapidly in aged mice, as they do in humans.
“When selenium supplements were given to the mice, the production of neurons increased, reversing the cognitive deficits observed in aging.”
Selenium is an essential trace mineral absorbed from soil and water and is found in foods such as grains, meat and nuts, with the highest levels found in Brazil nuts.
The scientists also tested whether selenium would have an impact on the cognitive decline sometimes experienced following stroke, which can affect people’s memory and ability to learn.
“Young mice are really good at the learning and memory tasks, but after a stroke, they could no longer perform these tasks,” Dr. Walker said.
“We found that learning and memory deficits of stroke-affected mice returned to normal when they were given selenium supplements.”
Dr. Walker said the results opened a new therapeutic avenue to boost cognitive function in people who were unable to exercise due to poor health or old age.
“However, selenium supplements shouldn’t be seen as a complete substitute for exercise, and too much can be bad for you,” she said.
“A person who is getting a balanced diet of fruits, nuts, veggies, and meat usually has good selenium levels.
“But in older people, particularly those with neurological conditions, selenium supplements could be beneficial.”
About this memory research news
Author: Press Office
Source: University of Queensland
Contact: Press Office – University of Queensland
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Original Research: Open access.
“Selenium mediates exercise-induced adult neurogenesis and reverses learning deficits induced by hippocampal injury and aging” by Odette Leiter et al. Cell Metabolism
Selenium mediates exercise-induced adult neurogenesis and reverses learning deficits induced by hippocampal injury and aging
Although the neurogenesis-enhancing effects of exercise have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying this response remain unclear.
Here, we propose that this is mediated by the exercise-induced systemic release of the antioxidant selenium transport protein, selenoprotein P (SEPP1).
Using knockout mouse models, we confirmed that SEPP1 and its receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) are required for the exercise-induced increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In vivo selenium infusion increased hippocampal neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation and adult neurogenesis.
Mimicking the effect of exercise through dietary selenium supplementation restored neurogenesis and reversed the cognitive decline associated with aging and hippocampal injury, suggesting potential therapeutic relevance.
These results provide a molecular mechanism linking exercise-induced changes in the systemic environment to the activation of quiescent hippocampal NPCs and their subsequent recruitment into the neurogenic trajectory.